Mental Illnesses Explored Schizophrenia - 1450 Words

Mental Illnesses Explored: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia has been associated with the dysregulation of many neurotransmitter systems. Large amounts dopamine is the oldest and most widely accepted theory of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and stems from identification of dopamine D2 receptor blockade as the mechanism of action of antipsychotics. Dopamine D2 binding sites are increased in a person with schizophrenia, which contributes to cognitive impairment. The modern day understanding is suggested that a hyperactive mesolimbic and a hypoactive mesocortical dopamine system underlie the positive and negative symptoms that are seen in schizophrenia. Serotonin, glutamate, GABA and acetylcholine dysregulation have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, in addition to dopamine. Glutamatergic signaling is attenuated in schizophrenia and is distinguished by a loss of NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory neurotransmission. GABA levels are also attenuated due to down regulation of GABA transporter (GAT) gene expression. â€Å"There is a concordant up regulation of GABAA receptors, which may contribute to the alterations in neural synchrony and consequently working memory impairment† (tocris.com, 2015). Although the commonness for males and females is similar, the course of schizophrenia is often more severe and with earlier onset for males. It is important to note that â€Å"false starts and research dead ends have taught the field the need for cautiousness; theShow MoreRelatedThere Has Been An Increase In The Proportion Of Persons Who Associate Mental Illness With Dangerousness1675 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"There has been an increase in the proportion of persons who associate mental illness with dangerousness, violence, and unpredictability† (Markowitz, 2005: 3) With reference to this statement, what is the public understanding of the nature and extent of mental disorder and how accurate is this? 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